Explanation
Smoke is one of the most common substances responsible for air pollution. It consists of a mixture of gases and fine particles released mainly from the burning of fuels such as coal, wood, oil, and other organic materials.
Sources of Smoke Pollution
• Burning of fossil fuels in industries and power plants
• Vehicle exhaust emissions
• Burning of biomass and firewood
• Forest fires and crop residue burning
Major Air Pollutants
• Carbon monoxide (CO)
• Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)
• Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
• Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10)
• Ozone (O₃)
Effects of Air Pollution
• Respiratory diseases like asthma and bronchitis
• Environmental problems such as smog and acid rain
• Damage to plants and ecosystems
• Contribution to climate change
Important Related Concepts for Exams
Smog → Mixture of smoke and fog causing severe air pollution
Acid Rain → Caused by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides reacting with water vapour
Greenhouse Gases → Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide etc.
Particulate Matter → Tiny particles suspended in air harmful to lungs
Measures to Control Air Pollution
• Use of cleaner fuels
• Promotion of renewable energy sources
• Installation of filters in industries
• Afforestation and environmental protection