Key Points – Swaraj Party Founded in 1923
Founders → Motilal Nehru + Chittaranjan Das
Also called → Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party

• Formed after suspension of Non-Cooperation Movement
• Background session → Gaya Session
• Objective → Enter legislative councils & wreck reforms from within
• Opposed by → No-Changers (C. Rajagopalachari, Vallabhbhai Patel)

Why It Was Formed
• After withdrawal of Non-Cooperation (post Chauri Chaura Incident)

Split in Congress
• Pro-Changers → Council entry (Swarajists)
• No-Changers → Boycott councils; constructive work

Performance in Elections
• Contested 1923 elections under Government of India Act 1919
• Became largest party in Central Legislative Assembly (1923)
• Blocked budget & exposed dyarchy weaknesses

Decline
• Death of C.R. Das (1925)
• Internal differences
• Gradual reconciliation with Congress

Important Congress Phases
1907 → Surat Split
1923 → Swarajists vs No-Changers
1939 → Forward Bloc (Subhas Chandra Bose)

Important Sessions
1920 Nagpur → Reorganization of Congress
1929 Lahore → Purna Swaraj resolution